Search results for "energy [jet]"
showing 10 items of 1760 documents
Effect of coatings on long term behaviour of a commercial stainless steel for solid oxide electrolyser cell interconnect application in H2 /H2O atmos…
2014
Abstract K41X (AISI 441) stainless steel evidenced a high electrical conductivity after 3000 h ageing in H 2 /H 2 O side when used as interconnect for solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC) working at 800 °C. Perovskite (La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 − δ ) and spinel (Co 3 O 4 ) oxides coatings were applied on the surface of the ferritic steel for ageing at 800 °C for 3000 h. Both coatings improved the behaviour of the steel and give interesting opportunities to use the K41X steel as interconnect for hydrogen production via high temperature steam electrolysis. Co 3 O 4 reduced into Co leading to a very good Area Specific Resistance (ASR) parameter, 0.038 Ω cm 2 . Despite a good ASR (0.06 Ω cm 2 ), La …
Dual atmosphere study of the K41X stainless steel for interconnect application in high temperature water vapour electrolysis
2015
Abstract High temperature water vapour electrolysis (HTE) is one of the most efficient technologies for mass hydrogen production. A major technical difficulty related to high temperature water vapour electrolysis is the development of interconnects working efficiently for a long period. Working temperature of 800 °C enables the use of metallic materials as interconnects. High temperature corrosion behaviour and electrical conductivity of a commercial stainless steel, K41X (AISI 441), were tested in HTE dual atmosphere (95%O 2 -5%H 2 0/10%H 2 -90%H 2 O) at 800 °C. The alloy exhibits a very good oxidation resistance compared to single atmosphere tests. However, a supplied electrical current s…
Design of a LLC Resonant Converter for Powering a PEM Electrolyzer
2021
International audience; This paper proposes the design of a LLC resonant converter to supply a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The PEM requires a low voltage with high current, a reduced output voltage ripple, and an overdamped dynamic behavior of the converter to avoid voltage overshoots. The designed converter allows satisfying the design constraints, minimizing switching and reverse recovery losses; the efficiency is influenced mainly by the output rectifier's conduction losses.
Electrolyses model development for metal/electrolyte interface: Testing with microrespiration sensors
2011
Abstract Initial process of electrolysis is investigated using platinum and tungsten wires as hydrogen electrodes and inductive kickback voltage peak based power unit. Microelectrodes are used to determine concentrations of dissolved hydrogen and pH close to wire electrodes. It is observed that concentration of dissolved hydrogen increases faster on tungsten electrode as on platinum. Authors explain this fact with differences of hydrogen evolution reaction on both materials – inductive kickback voltage peak power unit is supplying very short voltage pulses with limited energy what is enough only for hydrogen adsorption on platinum electrode, but is sufficient for full hydrogen evolution rea…
Vacuum fluctuations and radiation reaction contributions to the resonance dipole-dipole interaction between two atoms near a reflecting boundary
2018
We investigate the resonance dipole-dipole interaction energy between two identical atoms, one in the ground state and the other in the excited state, interacting with the electromagnetic field in the presence of a perfectly reflecting plane boundary. The atoms are prepared in a correlated (symmetric or anti-symmetric) Bell-type state. Following a procedure due to Dalibard et. al. [J. Dalibard et. al., J. Phys. (Paris) {\bf 43}, 1617 (1982); {\bf 45}, 637 (1984)], we separate the contributions of vacuum fluctuations and radiation reaction (source) field to the resonance interaction energy between the two atoms, and show that only the source field contributes to the interatomic interaction, …
Influence of combined electromagnetic fields on the heat/mass transfer in the Bridgman process
2002
The influence of combined magnetic fields (travelling and rotating) on the characteristics of heat/mass transfer with an aim to obtain the needed profile of the interface is considered, that is a necessary condition, which insures the homogeneity of single crystal content. The crystallization process of a cylindrical sample is considered. It was presumed that the sample moves with a permanent velocity towards the cold part of the heater and a partial-linear temperature distribution characteristic to the Bridgman method was set in along the heater's length. Permanent temperature values were set in on the top and bottom edges of the calculation mesh. It has been shown that combinations of dif…
A deep study of the high–energy transient sky
2021
This is an open access article. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds t…
Oxygen K-shell spectroscopy of isolated progressively solvated peptide
2020
Gas-phase near-edge X-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) action spectroscopy around the oxygen K-edge and mass spectrometry were employed to probe isolated substance P (SP) molecular ions, both bare and progressively solvated with 4 and 11 water molecules. Detailed mass spectra of bare and hydrated precursors are presented for the resonant photon energy of 532 eV that corresponds to O1s --> pi(amide)* core excitation, triggering resonant Auger decay and fragmentation from the ionized radical molecular system. The fragmentation pattern of doubly protonated SP hydrated with 4 water molecules clearly shows a series of abundant doubly charged backbone fragments, as well as triply charged pr…
Speed control of tubular linear induction motors for industrial automated applications
2016
The Tubular Linear Induction Machine (TLIM) has acquired great relevance over the past years for industrial automated applications. For this purpose, the complete modeling, simulation and determination of the parameters of a TLIM is presented in this paper. In addition, the TLIM speed control for this specific application is here described. In order to verify the performances of the proposed system, a test bench has been setup and good agreement is shown from the comparison between measured and simulated results.
Asymmetries in the momentum distributions of electrons stripped by a XUV chirped pulse in the presence of a laser field
2012
The ionization of hydrogen by a chirped XUV pulse in the presence of a few cycle infrared laser pulse has been investigated. The electron momentum distribution has been obtained by treating the interaction of the atom with the XUV radiation at the first order of the time-dependent perturbation theory and describing the emitted electron through the Coulomb-Volkov wavefunction. The results of the calculations agree with the ones found by solving numerically the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation. It has been found that depending on the delay between the pulses the combined effect of the XUV chirp and of the steering action on the infrared field brings about asymmetries in the electron momen…